SC Fruit and Vegetable Field Report- January 17, 2023

The Weekly Field Updates are back for 2023! We hope everyone had a great holiday season and is off to a good start this year. We have lots of fruit and vegetable meetings over the next couple of months, so check out the Upcoming Events tab for the complete lineup. This week there will be a Cut Flower Grower Meetup in Columbia on 1/18.

As everyone begins thinking about filing taxes, take a look at this article by Clemson Agribusiness Associate Kevin Burkett about form 1099.

Statewide

Justin Ballew reports, “The coldest temperature I heard of right before Christmas was 7 degrees (in the upstate). That is certainly low enough to damage strawberry crowns. While most folks had their fields covered, we have seen a little crown damage in parts of the field where the row covers didn’t reach all the way to the end of the row or where there was a tear in the covers. This is apparent by a light brown discoloration in the crown that is visible when the crown is cut open. Since this damage occurred a couple of weeks ago, these plants are pretty easy to pick out, as they haven’t put out any new growth. Unfortunately, Neopestalotiopsis has been confirmed on numerous strawberry farms around the state. We’ve seen it on Ruby June, Camarosa, and San Andreas. It shows up first as a leaf spot and can show up in the crown and, later in the season, in the fruit. There are some other fungal diseases that create a similar foliar symptom (Phomopsis, Gnomonia, etc.), so if you see large leaf spots, submit samples to the Plant and Pest Diagnostic Clinic for diagnosis right away. If confirmed in your field by the lab, Guido Schnabel is recommending strict sanitation of the infected leaves on dry days only (burn or bury the leaves) and applications of Thiram and Switch (apply Switch prior to rain events) to manage the disease ahead of bloom.”

Foliar symptoms of Neopestalotiopsis. There are other fungal diseases that create similar symptoms, so be sure to submit samples to the plant disease lab for diagnosis if you see this in the field.

Foliar symptoms of Neopestalotiopsis. There are other fungal diseases that create similar symptoms, so be sure to submit samples to the plant disease lab for diagnosis if you see this in the field.
Justin Ballew, ©2023, Clemson Extension

Coastal Region

Rob Last reports, “What a difference a couple of weeks can make, going from a hard freeze event before Christmas to a much more mild and temperate condition. Given the extent of the Christmas cold, crops are showing damage to leaves and stems. If you haven’t already done so, sanitation will be critical. Removing dead and damaged strawberry leaves will help to reduce sources of inoculum for later in the season (think gray mold). I am getting a lot of questions regarding the yield impacts of the cold; it may be too early to truly tell. Delaying pruning on crops, such as peaches, may be beneficial to see any damage to flower buds. One note of caution is that as temperatures are much warmer, crops may be triggered into spring growth, increasing the potential for damage from a later cold event. Planning now will be very beneficial. Scouting and crop monitoring will be vital as we go forward.”

Zack Snipes reports, “I hate to start the first report of the year with bad news, but we have found and confirmed Neopestalotiopsis in strawberries throughout SC, including the Lowcountry. This is a new disease that growers, extension agents, and specialists found in Florida a few years back. This disease can be very aggressive and take down entire plants very quickly. Right now, sanitation and an aggressive spray program is how we are fighting it. I am finding this disease on Ruby June plants initially, but also seeing it some in Camarosa. The symptoms look like a “bullseye” on the leaf margins. The bullseye area will be brown/tan, and the edge of the symptoms will be a purple color. The signs of the disease are tiny black dots which are the reproductive structures of the fungus. I have included a few pictures below. Do not confuse this disease with cold damage. If you haven’t looked at your strawberries in a while, please scout them ASAP and call your local agent, as quick diagnosis and treatment are critical to having berries to sell this year.”

A field of plants is going downhill quickly with Neopestalotiopsis.

A field of plants is going downhill quickly with Neopestalotiopsis.
Zack Snipes ©2023, Clemson Extension

The symptoms include concentric tan rings with a purple outer ring. The fungal fruiting bodies are the tiny black dots seen here.

The symptoms include concentric tan rings with a purple outer ring.  The fungal fruiting bodies are the tiny black dots seen here.
Zack Snipes ©2023, Clemson Extension

Cold damage seen here should not be confused with Neopestalotiopsis.

Cold damage seen here should not be confused with Neopestalotiopsis.
Zack Snipes ©2023, Clemson Extension

Midlands

Phillip Carnley reports, “Orangeburg and Calhoun counties came through the cold of December alright for the most part. In our leafy greens, there is some cold damage, especially in cabbage on the older skirt leaves, but the heads seem to have made it through just fine. Our biggest issue by far is the emergence of Neopestalotiopsis. This disease has a few characteristics to look for that distinguish it from other crown diseases of strawberries. Usually, there are leaf lesions that will have concentric rings and a white or tan center with black acervuli in the center. When present on infected fruit, it can resemble anthracnose. Control options are very limited, with Thiram and Switch being the most effective at slowing down the progression of the infection. Sanitation is key, and all crown material should be removed from the field, if possible, to not harbor the pathogen. In my area, it does seem to favor more wet conditions, so the dryer the site, the less vigorous it seems to spread. If you suspect an infection, please contact your local agent to sample for this new disease.”

Cold damage to the older leaves of cabbage.

Cold damage to the older leaves of cabbage.
Phillip Carnley ©2023, Clemson Extension

Neopestalotiopsis rot on fruit. Note the black fruiting bodies within the lesion.

Neopestalotiopsis rot on fruit. Note the black fruiting bodies within the lesion.
Phillip Carnley ©2023, Clemson Extension

If this document didn’t answer your questions, please contact HGIC at hgic@clemson.edu or 1-888-656-9988.

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